File S4 R code for random effects in INLA

Including individual as a independent random effect in the latent field is implemented the same way in INLA for all case studies in house sparrow population (Gaussian, binomial and Poisson). Note that in the Gaussian case study we have repeated measurements, i.e. possible several observation for each individual random effect, while in the binomial and Poisson cases there are only one observation for each individual. For the simulated datasets in AnimalINLA (only one measurement for each individual);